Niels (Nicolai) Treschow (born 1751 in Drammen, died 22 September 1833 in Christiania), was a Norwegian philosopher and politician, central to the creation of the University of Oslo. He also served as Minister of Education and Church Affairs 1814-1816, 1817-1819, 1820-1822 and 1823-1825, and member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm 1816-1817, 1819-1820, and 1822-1823. In 1825, he was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.